Exposure:

• Exposure / Reciprocity Law = Intensity (of the lighting conditions) + the Time in which the light act (or is allowed to expose).
• Equivalent Exposures - combinations of shutter speed and aperture values rendering equal exposures
• Reciprocity Failure - unproportionate responses by either film or sensor due to unusually short or long exposure times.
  
  
• Exposure Control Modes
  
  
  • Program
  • Aperture Priority (Av)
  • Shutter Priority (Tv or S)
  • Manual

6 Controls which Influence Exposure:

• ISO
  • film/sensor sensitivity
• Aperture
• Shutter
• Metering Modes (pattern(muti-point), center weighted, spot) - Correspond to Focusing Modes
  • by effect Tonal Value at point of meter
• Exposure Compensation Value
• White Balance
  

Aperture:

• Depth of Field
  • zone of focus
  • range of acceptable focus
• speed of lens
  • determined by the largest aperture
• stopping down
  • reducing the size of the aperture
• focal length
  • the distance between the lens and the focal point at which a sharp image of an object at infinity is formed.
  • the distance between the optical center of a lens and the focal point for an object at infinity
• hyperfocal distance
  
  • at any given f-stop, when the lens is focused at infinity, the distance between the camera and the nearest point of acceptable focus is called the hyperfocal distance
• hyperfocal focusing
• used to achieve maximum depth of field to infinity
• focusing the lens at the 1/2 point between the lens and the hyperfocal distance in order to achieve maximum depth of field
• infinity - anything beyond 50 feet.
  
  
• Aperture Priority
  

Shutter:

• Stop action/motion
• Blur
• Panning / panoramming
  • pivoting with the motion of the subject.
• camera shake/jitter
• Characteristics which affect blur
  • angle of movement
  • camera to subject distance
  • subject speed
• Flash and stopping motion
  
  
• Shutter Priority